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Posts by Category
AI
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All Posts
- “Adventure is out there!”: Opportunities in AI x Travel
- “Death of a Salesforce”: Why AI Will Transform the Next Generation of Sales Tech
- 11 Reasons to Be Excited about the Future of Technology
- 16 Changes to the Way Enterprises Are Building and Buying Generative AI
- 5 Founders on the Future of Data
- 5 Principles for Product Managers Fending Off Obsolescence in the AI Era
- 7 Ways AI-Native Companies Can Improve User Retention
- A Deep Dive Into MCP and the Future of AI Tooling
- A Policy Blueprint for US Investment in AI Talent and Infrastructure
- A Roadmap for Federal AI Legislation: Protect People, Empower Builders, Win the Future
- a16z Slack Debate: Will Generative AI Supplant Therapists, Game Makers…Friends?
- a16z Video: When Machine Learning Becomes AI
- a16z’s Recommendations for the National AI Action Plan
- Advancing Open Source AI Through Benchmarks and Bold Experimentation
- AI and the Promise of Hardware Iteration at Software Speed
- AI at the Intersection: The a16z Investment Thesis on AI in Bio + Health
- AI Avatars Escape the Uncanny Valley
- AI Bias
- AI Canon
- AI Copilots and the Future of Knowledge Work
- AI Food Fights in the Enterprise
- AI for Startups
- AI for the Physical World
- AI in 2020
- AI is Industrializing Discovery
- AI is Too Dumb… For Now
- AI Jobs to be Done in Life Sciences
- AI Model Facts: Transparency that Works for Little Tech
- AI Revolution
- AI Talks Leave ‘Little Tech’ Out
- AI Voice Agents: 2025 Update
- AI Will Supercharge Modelbusters
- AI, Crypto, and Building the Next Internet with a16z’s Chris Dixon
- AI, Deep Learning, and Machine Learning: A Primer
- AI, VR, and Disrupting Mobile
- AI: The Teammate Clinicians Need
- AI’s Second Order Effects
- Algorithms of the Mind
- Announcing Our Latest Open Source AI Grants
- Apps Unwrapped
- ARES: An Open Source Platform for Robot Data
- Art Isn’t Dead, It’s Just Machine-Generated
- Artificial Intelligence: The Promise and the Playbook
- Artificial Intelligence’s ‘Black Box’ Is Nothing to Fear
- Banking on AI
- BarbAIrians at the Gate: The Financial Opportunity of AI
- Base AI Policy on Evidence, Not Existential Angst
- Batteries Included, Opinions Required: The Specialization of App Gen Platforms
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2023: An a16z Omnibus
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2024
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2025
- Blockchain Innovation Will Put an AI-Powered Internet Back into Users’ Hands
- Bringing AI to the Masses
- Building an Efficient GPU Server with NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090s/5090s
- Building the World’s Most Trusted Driver
- Can AI Help Save Lives?
- Checks and Balances: Machine Learning and Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Commercializing AI in Healthcare: The Enterprise Buyer Perspective
- Commercializing AI in Healthcare: The Jobs to be Done
- Connect/Enterprise: Building Products With Generative AI
- Data 50
- Death, Taxes, and AI: How Generative AI Will Change Accounting
- Democratizing Design
- Digital Biology
- Drinking Milkshakes: How AI Wedges Will Help Startups Outmaneuver Incumbents
- Elevating AI + Art
- Embracing the Future: How Chatbots Can Become Great Companions
- Emerging Architectures for LLM Applications
- Emerging Developer Patterns for the AI Era
- Evaluating AI in Bio: How to Know Whether it is Worth the Work
- Explaining AI
- Export Your Brain: How I Uploaded Myself to AI
- Faster, Smarter, Cheaper: AI Is Reinventing Market Research
- Financial Services Will Embrace Generative AI Faster Than You Think
- Five Predictions for the Future of Learning in the Age of AI
- For B2B Generative AI Apps, Is Less More?
- From Demos to Deals: Insights for Building in Enterprise AI
- From Prompt to Product: The Rise of AI-Powered Web App Builders
- Generative AI: The Next Consumer Platform
- Hi, AI: Our Thesis on AI Voice Agents
- How 100 Enterprise CIOs Are Building and Buying Gen AI in 2025
- How AI Is Changing Warfare with Brian Schimpf, CEO of Anduril
- How AI Will Usher in an Era of Abundance
- How Are Consumers Using Generative AI?
- How Generative AI Is Remaking UI/UX Design
- How Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) Rewrites the Rules of Search
- How to Build a Thriving AI Ecosystem with Lisa Su, CEO of AMD
- How to Build ChatGPT for Robotics
- How To Democratize Healthcare: AI Gives Everyone The Very Best Doctor
- Humanity + AI: Better Together
- Improving AI
- In Consumer AI, Momentum Is the Moat
- Input Coffee, Output Code: How AI Will Turn Capital into Labor
- It’s Time to Take Back the Internet
- It’s Not a Computer, It’s a Companion!
- Keep the Code Behind AI Open
- Let’s Get Personal: Why AI Will Unlock a Massive Market for Online Consumer Services
- Leveling Up
- Marketplaces in the Age of AI
- Money on Autopilot: The Future of AI x Personal Finance
- Money, power, politics, and the internet’s next battleground
- More Countries, More Problems: Selling AI Products Around the World is Still Too Hard
- Navigating the High Cost of AI Compute
- New Funds, New Era
- Next-Gen Pentesting: AI Empowers the Good Guys
- NSF RFI: Fostering American AI Leadership Through Research and Innovation
- On Chat Bots, Conversation, and AI as an Interface
- On Machine Learning in Medicine and More
- Open Source: From Community to Commercialization
- Owning the Workflow in B2B AI Apps
- Preserving the Freedom to Learn in AI
- Pricing and Packaging Your B2B or Prosumer Generative AI Feature
- Putting Data in a Corner: LLMs and Financial Services Data
- Regulate AI Use, Not AI Development
- Retention Is All You Need
- Say Hello to My New AI Marketer: How Gen AI-Based Software Is Advancing Marketing and Sales
- Securing America’s Future: How Technology Companies and Washington Are Building A Safer World
- Selling Is Hard Right Now. Here’s How to Win Business in the Gen AI Era.
- Setting the Agenda for Global AI Leadership: Assessing the Roles of Congress and the States
- Shopping in ‘God Mode’ with AI
- Smartphone Cameras, Images, and Machine Learning
- Supporting the Open Source AI Community
- The ‘Google Maps for Money’
- The AI Future Is Already Here, It’s Just Not Productized Yet
- The American Dynamism 50: AI Edition
- The American Dynamism 50: Companies Shaping the Fight of the Future
- The API Battleground: A New Era of Platform Wars
- The China Threat: Silicon Valley and the Great Uncoupling
- The Commerce Clause in the Age of AI: Guardrails and Opportunities for State Legislatures
- The Economic Case for Generative AI (presentation)
- The Economic Case for Generative AI and Foundation Models
- The Empty Promise of Data Moats
- The Future of AI Is Amazing
- The Future of Music: How Generative AI Is Transforming the Music Industry
- The Future of Prosumer: The Rise of “AI Native” Workflows
- The Generative AI Revolution in Games
- The Generative AI Revolution will Enable Anyone to Create Games
- The Getting Started with AI Stack for JavaScript
- The Little Tech Agenda
- The Long-Tail Problem in AI, and How Autonomous Markets Can Solve It
- The Messy Inbox Problem: Wedge Strategies in AI Apps
- The NeverEnding Game: How AI Will Create a New Category of Games
- The New Business of AI (and How It’s Different From Traditional Software)
- The New Industrial Revolution: Bio x AI
- The New Tech Stack for Virtual-First Care
- The Next Generation Pixar: How AI will Merge Film & Games
- The Next Token of Progress: 4 Unlocks on the Generative AI Horizon
- The Promise of Cloud-Native Games
- The Race to Capture Value: Cloud Lessons for the AI Era
- The Smartest Consumer Apps Now Cost $200 a Month
- The Superhero Stack: Powering Public Safety
- The Techno-Optimist Manifesto
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 3rd Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 4th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 5th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps — 6th Edition
- Three Questions with… Jamil Khan, H&R Block
- To Help AI Startups Compete, Use Revenue-based Thresholds
- Toward a Horizontal Robotics Platform
- Trading Margin for Moat: Why the Forward Deployed Engineer Is the Hottest Job in Startups
- Unbundling the BPO: How AI Will Disrupt Outsourced Work
- Unbundling the Game Engine: The Rise of Next Generation 3D Creation Engines
- Underestimating AI in Healthcare
- Universally Accessible Intelligence
- Unlocking AI’s Future: Alexandr Wang on the Power of Frontier Data
- Unlocking the Metaverse: New Opportunities in Games Infrastructure
- Using Generative AI to Unlock Probabilistic Products
- Using Software and a Crowd to Push the Frontiers of Human Understanding
- Vertical SaaS: Now with AI Inside
- Washington: Will You Let AI Make Us Healthier?
- Welcome to LLMflation – LLM inference cost is going down fast ⬇️
- What “Working” Means in the Era of AI Apps
- What Builders Talk About When They Talk About AI
- What Comes After Mobile? Meta’s Andrew Bosworth on AI and Consumer Tech
- What You Need to Know About SB 1047: A Q&A with Anjney Midha
- What’s Next in Computing?
- When AI is the Product: The Rise of AI-Based Consumer Apps
- Where We Go From Here
- Where Will AI Have the Biggest Impact? Healthcare.
- Who Owns the Generative AI Platform?
- Why 2023 Was AI Video’s Breakout Year, and What to Expect in 2024
- Why AI Will Save the World
- Why America Must Lead in AI Investment with Senator Todd Young
- Why DeepSeek Is a Gift to the American People
- World Models and the Sparks of Little Robotics
American Dynamism
-
All Posts
- A Primer on Factory Economics for Startups
- A Software-Driven Autonomy Stack Is Taking Shape
- AI + a16z
- AI and the Promise of Hardware Iteration at Software Speed
- AI for the Physical World
- AI Talks Leave ‘Little Tech’ Out
- America Needs More Techno-Optimism
- Andy McCall
- ARES: An Open Source Platform for Robot Data
- Be the Navy, Not Pirates
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2024
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2025
- Brian Roberts
- Building American Dynamism
- Building the American Workforce
- Can AI Help Save Lives?
- Collaborative Disruption at the DoD with Kathleen Hicks and Sharon Weinberger
- Decentralizing the Electric Grid
- DoD Contracting for Startups 101
- Erin Price-Wright
- Everything is Computer
- Full-Stack Startups in American Dynamism
- How the U.S. Can Rewire the Pentagon for a New Era
- How to Build ChatGPT for Robotics
- How to Hire A Strong Founding Team
- How to Scale Nuclear Power
- How to Win the Fight for America
- Investing Capital to Defend the Nation
- Investing in American Dynamism
- It’s Time to Build For America: Announcing Our $500M+ Commitment to Companies Building in American Dynamism
- It’s Time to Mine: Securing Critical Minerals
- Rebuilding the California Dream with Jan Sramek
- Regulating Crypto in the Name of National Competitiveness with Emilie Choi
- Republic Reforged: Democracy and American Dynamism in a New Era of Conflict
- Reshore and Restore: Unlocking American Innovation for the 21st Century
- Safety First
- Securing America’s Future: How Technology Companies and Washington Are Building A Safer World
- Sharks Never Stop Swimming: A Conversation with Mark Cuban
- Skydio
- Space Launch: Who, What, and Where We’re Going
- Space: A Market Map
- Storytelling in American Dynamism: Lessons from War Stories
- Technology in 1776
- The American Dynamism 50: AI Edition
- The American Dynamism 50: Companies Shaping the Fight of the Future
- The American Dynamism Engineering Fellows Program
- The China Threat: Silicon Valley and the Great Uncoupling
- The Developer’s Way
- The Electro-Industrial Stack Will Move the World
- The Future of AI Is Amazing
- The Next Generation of Leadership with Governor Wes Moore
- The Superhero Stack: Powering Public Safety
- To Prevent the Next Pearl Harbor, America Must Invest in Drone Defenses
- Toward a Horizontal Robotics Platform
- Untethered: Decentralizing Energy to Transform War
- Washington: Will You Let AI Make Us Healthier?
- Why America Must Develop Space, and How We’ll Do It
- Why America Must Lead in AI Investment with Senator Todd Young
- World Models and the Sparks of Little Robotics
B2B
-
All Posts
- “Death of a Salesforce”: Why AI Will Transform the Next Generation of Sales Tech
- AI Avatars Escape the Uncanny Valley
- AI Voice Agents: 2025 Update
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2025
- Deconstructing Deel: How a Startup Became the OS for Global Work
- Faster, Smarter, Cheaper: AI Is Reinventing Market Research
- From Prompt to Product: The Rise of AI-Powered Web App Builders
- How 100 Enterprise CIOs Are Building and Buying Gen AI in 2025
- Owning the Workflow in B2B AI Apps
- Pricing and Packaging Your B2B or Prosumer Generative AI Feature
- Say Hello to My New AI Marketer: How Gen AI-Based Software Is Advancing Marketing and Sales
- What “Working” Means in the Era of AI Apps
- Why You Should Engage With Analysts—and How to Do It Right
B2C
-
All Posts
- 5 Principles for Product Managers Fending Off Obsolescence in the AI Era
- AI Avatars Escape the Uncanny Valley
- AI Voice Agents: 2025 Update
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2025
- Faster, Smarter, Cheaper: AI Is Reinventing Market Research
- From Prompt to Product: The Rise of AI-Powered Web App Builders
- Hi, AI: Our Thesis on AI Voice Agents
- In Consumer AI, Momentum Is the Moat
- Shopping in ‘God Mode’ with AI
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 3rd Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 4th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 5th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps — 6th Edition
- What “Working” Means in the Era of AI Apps
Bio + Healthcare
-
AI in Bio + Health
- 11 Reasons to Be Excited about the Future of Technology
- A Practical Toolkit for Deep Learning in the Life Sciences
- a16z Video: When (and How) Biology Becomes Engineering
- a16z Video: When Machine Learning Becomes AI
- AI is Industrializing Discovery
- AI is Too Dumb… For Now
- AI Jobs to be Done in Life Sciences
- AI: The Teammate Clinicians Need
- Artificial Intelligence’s ‘Black Box’ Is Nothing to Fear
- Biology is Eating the World: A Manifesto
- Commercializing AI in Healthcare: The Jobs to be Done
- Digital Biology
- Evaluating AI in Bio: How to Know Whether it is Worth the Work
- How To Democratize Healthcare: AI Gives Everyone The Very Best Doctor
- How to Reverse Engineer Biology
- Infinite Healthcare: What’s It Worth?
- On Machine Learning in Medicine and More
- Pushing the Bounds of Security, Machine Learning, Virtual Reality, and More
- Solving Baumol’s Cost Disease, in Healthcare
- The Glittering Treasure in Your Genome’s Junk
- The Next WebMD: An LLM as Your Front Door to Healthcare
- Underestimating AI in Healthcare
- Welcome to the Bioengineering Culture Clash
- What Builders Talk About When They Talk About AI
- When Biology Moves to Engineering
- Where Will AI Have the Biggest Impact? Healthcare.
- Why Will Healthcare be the Industry that Benefits the Most from AI?
-
Building in Bio
- (Engineered) Food. It’s What’s For Dinner.
- 16 Open Problems in Engineering Biology
- 16 Pitfalls to Avoid When Building a Computational Therapeutics Company
- A Dearth of Physician Innovators Can Derail New Biomedical Startups
- a16z Video: Eroom’s Law
- a16z Video: Shifting Risk Mindsets, from Tech to Bio
- a16z Video: When (and How) Biology Becomes Engineering
- AI Jobs to be Done in Life Sciences
- Anatomy of a Biotech Business Development Deal
- Bio Entrepreneurs: The Importance of Selecting Disease Areas
- Body Electric: Implanted Machines Are Coming
- Engineering the Genome: Challenges and Opportunities in the Next Wave of Medicine
- How to Engineer Biology
- It’s Time to Build
- It’s Time to Heal: 16 Trends Driving the Future of Bio and Healthcare
- Outclassed: The Battle for Therapeutic Market Share
- Platform-Disease Fit: Why You Need It and How to Find It
- Platform-Partnership Fit for Bio Startups
- Platform-Partnership Fit: A Guide to Business Development for Bio Startups
- Power Law for Professors: Why you should put all of your eggs in one basket
- Programming Biology: Read (r), Write (w), Execute (x)
- Recognizing the Next CRISPR-Level Tech for Biology
- Science, Business, and Innovation in Big Pharma: A Conversation with Novartis’ CEO
- Software Is Eating the World—And Will Help to Feed It
- The Age of Tech x Bio: The ‘Industrial Bio Complex’
- The biggest open opportunity in synthetic biology
- The New Tech Stack for Virtual-First Care
- The Next Bio Startup: Born in the Wild vs. Bred in Captivity
- The Rise of the 10x Research Associate
- Virtual Data Rooms: The Unsung Hero of Biotech Financing
- What is a Bio Platform For?
- What is a Medicine?
- What’s with All the Bio M&A in 2019?: A Quick Take
- When Software Eats Bio
- Why Marc Went From ‘We’ll Never Do Bio’ to Betting on Bio Founders
- Your First Biotech BD Hire
-
Building in Healthcare
- ‘Deep’ Job Platforms and How to Build Them
- 16+ Terms Entrepreneurs Should Know for Navigating the Healthcare Industry
- a16z Video: On Players and Paths for Healthcare Startups
- a16z Video: What to Make of Consolidation in Healthcare?
- Arm Wrestling Tarzan
- B2C2B in Digital Health
- Biology, the New (Old) Technical Debt… and What That Means for Healthcare Innovation
- Challenges in Healthcare Innovation
- Commercializing AI in Healthcare: The Jobs to be Done
- Consumers as a New Class of Payor
- Digital Health
- Field Notes from the Cell & Gene Meeting on the Mesa
- Food, Drugs, and Tech—100 Years of Public Health
- For Healthcare, This Time Really is Different
- Healthcare Has Left the Building
- Healthcare: The Great Unlock
- How Software is Eating Care Delivery in Healthcare
- How We Live Longer
- It’s Not About Video. It’s About Always-on Triage.
- It’s Time to Build
- It’s Time to Build: Healthtech Infrastructure
- Opportunities in Healthcare: A Q&A With Julie Yoo
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Unbundling and Rebundling
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: VA Use of Outdated Technology
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: What Coca Cola and a Rising Tide of Tech Products and Services Share
- Primary Care Needs a New Operating System
- Risk-based Contracting for Value-based Care
- Supporting Stanford Hospital ER for the Silicon Valley Community
- The Case for the Fat Startup
- The New Drug Delivery Challenge: How Will Cures Reach Patients?
- The New Go-to-Market Playbooks for Digital Health Startups
- The New Tech Stack for Virtual-First Care
- The Next WebMD: An LLM as Your Front Door to Healthcare
- Two-Sided Networks in Healthcare
- Underestimating AI in Healthcare
- What Now? Product Release
- Why Is Healthcare Reform So Complicated?
- Why Will Healthcare be the Industry that Benefits the Most from AI?
- Your Invitation to Remake a $3 Trillion Industry
-
Consumer Health
- 16 (x)4 Books We Read Winter 2017
- 16 (x4) Books We Read Winter 2018
- Consumer Health: Areas of Opportunity
- Coronavirus Apps From Around the World, Translated
- FiftyThree
- Primary Care Needs a New Operating System
- The Biggest Company in the World
- The Hidden 40% to Unlock Healthcare (and Clean up our Lifestyles)
-
Therapeutics
- AI Jobs to be Done in Life Sciences
- Are We Ready for the Cure for Cancer?
- Coronavirus Resources & Readings
- From Bacteria to Bedside: The Arrival of CRISPR Medicine
- From Renting Health to Buying a Cure
- Outclassed: The Battle for Therapeutic Market Share
- Programming Medicine
- The Cure for Aging Might be the Cure for Alzheimer’s
- The Five Revolutions in Cancer Treatment
- The Future Will Be Genetically Engineered
- The New Drug Delivery Challenge: How Will Cures Reach Patients?
- The Second Coming of RNA Medicines
- Why We Need Both Randomized Controlled Trials and Real World Evidence
Company Building
-
Leadership & Management
- Connect/Enterprise: Making Hard Decisions and Working Through Tough Times
- Do You Feel Pressure or Do You Apply Pressure?
- Enterprise Startups: Advice on Hiring, Firing, Scaling, and Selling
- Executive Compensation
- Good Product Manager/Bad Product Manager
- Hiring a Chief Customer Officer
- Hiring a Chief Financial Officer
- Hiring a Chief Human Resources Officer
- Hiring a Chief Information Security Officer
- Hiring a Chief Marketing Officer
- Hiring a Chief Operating Officer
- Hiring a Chief Product Officer
- Hiring a Chief Revenue Officer
- Hiring a General Counsel
- Hiring a Senior Vice President of Engineering
- Little Things
- Scaling Your Go-to-Market Org
- Scaling Your Operational Org
- Scaling Your Technical Org
- The First Principles of Executive Hiring
- The Hard Things About Scaling: Executive Hiring
- The Hiring Process
- The Sad Truth About Developing Executives
- The Strategic Approach to Building a Board
- What I’ve Been Up To Lately
- When to Hire a CFO
-
Marketing
- 16ish Listicles and Videos from 2016
- A Framework for Defining and Refining Your ICP
- Faster, Smarter, Cheaper: AI Is Reinventing Market Research
- Hire a CMO
- How Startups Get Addicted to Paid Marketing (and How to Go Beyond the Local Max)
- Hunting What’s Next in High Tech
- In Consumer AI, Momentum Is the Moat
- On Platforms, Distribution, and Audience
- Our Top 16 Posts of 2017
- Our Top Videos of 2017
- Outgrowing Advertising: Multimodal Business Models as a Product Strategy
- Product Marketing for New Products
- Social Media for Startup Founders: A Practical Guide to Building an Online Presence
- The IRL Channel: Product Usage Reminders ‘In the Real World’
- The Need for Nerdy Marketers
- Why China’s Version of Email Marketing Is So Effective
- Winning Founders & Influencing Everyone
-
Metrics & KPIs
- 11 Key GTM Metrics for B2B Startups
- 13 Metrics for Marketplace Companies
- 16 Ways to Measure Network Effects
- Beyond Metcalfe’s Law for Network Effects
- DAU/MAU: Where It’s Useful, Where It Isn’t
- Do You Have Lightning In a Bottle? How to Benchmark Your Social App
- Growth Hacking: Evolution, Framework, Metrics
- Moats Before (Gross) Margins
- Our Top Listicles of 2015
- Performance Data and the ‘Babe Ruth’ Effect in Venture Capital
- Retention Is All You Need
- The Power User Curve: The Best Way to Understand Your Most Engaged Users
- Using NBA Metrics to Scout Superstar Startups
- What “Working” Means in the Era of AI Apps
-
People Practices
- 5 years, 8 buckets, 11 Cold People
- Breaking into the Boardroom
- Building Trust and Assessing Integrity as You Interview
- Building Your Recruiting Muscle
- Connect/Enterprise: Making Hard Decisions and Working Through Tough Times
- COVID-19 and the Great Rehiring
- DevOps
- Enterprise Startups: Advice on Hiring, Firing, Scaling, and Selling
- Forward-deployed Job Titles
- Guerilla Recruiting: Combating the Counteroffer
- How to Hire A Strong Founding Team
- Is it OK to Hire People from Your Friend’s Company?
- One On One
- Planning and Managing Layoffs
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Articles and People at WSJD Live
- Programming Your Culture
- Recommendations for Startup Employee Option Plans
- Ridiculously Transparent
- The Right Kind of Ambition
- The Right Way to Lay People Off
- When Smart People are Bad Employees
- Why Startups Should Train Their People
-
Sales & Go-to-Market
- “Death of a Salesforce”: Why AI Will Transform the Next Generation of Sales Tech
- A Framework for Defining and Refining Your ICP
- Bat Out of Hell: Identifying Your Durable Advantage in Fintech
- Both Sides of the Partnership: Executing Lyft’s “Impossible” Ask
- Bottom Up Pricing & Packaging: Let the User Journey Be Your Guide
- Connect/Enterprise: Making Hard Decisions and Working Through Tough Times
- Enterprise Startups: Advice on Hiring, Firing, Scaling, and Selling
- Growth+Sales: The New Era of Enterprise Go-to-Market
- How Much Should I Invest In RevOps?
- Is There an Enterprise Margin Crisis?
- Market Annealing: Getting to $10M ARR in Very Early Markets
- The 10x Customer Hiding in Plain Sight
- The New Business of AI (and How It’s Different From Traditional Software)
- The Perils of Tech Partnerships (for Pre-Chasm Startups)
- The Unending Chasm, and How to Survive It
- Vertical Operating Systems: One System of Record to Rule Them All
- When and How Should You Bundle Your Products? Our Gut-Checks
- Why You Should Engage With Analysts—and How to Do It Right
Consumer
-
Commerce
- 16 More Startup Metrics
- 5 Things to Look for to Make E-commerce Startups Work
- a16z Video: A Brief History of Credit Cards (or, What Actually Happens When You Swipe)
- AI x Commerce
- Amazon’s Revolutionary Retail Strategy? Recycling Old Ideas
- Apps Unwrapped
- Apps vs. the Web? For Brands, Only One Thing Matters
- Changes and Cascading Effects in TV, Advertising, and Retail
- Content Is(n’t) King
- Disrupting Procter & Gamble
- Ecommerce as Video’s Killer App
- Faster, Smarter, Cheaper: AI Is Reinventing Market Research
- Godzilla vs. Mothra, The Sequel
- How ‘Going Direct’ Changes Everything: for Brands, Retail, Marketing, and Advertising
- Marketplaces (and Network Effects)
- Mobile Is Eating the World, 2016
- Of course they’re putting ads in AI
- On Amazon as Traditional Retailer
- Online to Offline 2.0 — Experiments and Examples from China
- Online2Offline Commerce
- Parallels (and Differences) Between Esports and Ecommerce
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Buzzfeed Is a Tech Company
- Service as a SKU
- Shopatainment: Video Shopping as Entertainment
- Shopping in ‘God Mode’ with AI
- Teespring: Building a New E-Commerce Company
- The Amazon Machine, to Make a Machine
- The Case for E-commerce Acceleration (aka, Bye Bye BBY?)
- The Case Study of BuzzFeed Tasty and the Evolution of Brand
- The End of the Beginning
- The Tipping Point (E-Commerce Version)
- When Advertising Isn’t Enough
- When Black Friday Comes…
- Where Is the Facebook of Ecommerce?
- Whoever Says Physical Retail Is Dead Isn’t a Woman
- Why Amazon Has No Profits (And Why It Works)
-
Companionship & Social
- ‘Twas the Night After the Tweetstorm: Top 10 Tweetstorms of 2014
- 16 Observations on Livestreaming in China
- a16z Podcast: Using Social Tools to Build Homes for Those Most in Need
- a16z Slack Debate: Will Generative AI Supplant Therapists, Game Makers…Friends?
- AI Avatars Escape the Uncanny Valley
- App.net is Not Vaporware
- Apps Unwrapped
- Community Takes All: The Power of Social+
- Do You Have Lightning In a Bottle? How to Benchmark Your Social App
- Embracing the Future: How Chatbots Can Become Great Companions
- Export Your Brain: How I Uploaded Myself to AI
- Generative AI: The Next Consumer Platform
- How AI Will Usher in an Era of Abundance
- How China is Cashing in on Group Chats
- It’s Not a Computer, It’s a Companion!
- Live, Social, and Shoppable: The Future of Video
- Making a Living Off ‘Likes’: The New Influencer Paradigm
- Our Top 10 Consumer Tech Posts of 2020
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Virtual vs. Physical World
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Yo
- Six Ways New Social Companies Will Monetize
- Social Strikes Back
- Social, Mobile, Local
- State of Consumer AI 2025: Product Hits, Misses, and What’s Next
- Status Traps: Learning from Web2 Social Networks
- The Elements of Stickers
- The Founder’s Dilemma: To Compete or Unbundle
- The Next Phase of Social? Listen Closely
- The Pmarca Tweetstorm Collection
- The Rise of Lifestyle Streamers
- The Stickiest, Most Addictive, Most Engaging, and Fastest-Growing Social Apps—and How to Measure Them
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 3rd Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 4th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 5th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps — 6th Edition
- The Video-First Future of Ecommerce
- The Year in Tech News & Trends, Explained… In 16 Short Podcasts
- What China Can Teach Us About the Future of TikTok and Video Search
-
Company Building
- 5 Principles for Product Managers Fending Off Obsolescence in the AI Era
- 7 Ways AI-Native Companies Can Improve User Retention
- 8 Things to Consider When Building Managed Marketplace Companies
- a16z Podcast: Mobile Falls Hard for Virtual Reality
- Betting Narrow Can Be Big
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2023: An a16z Omnibus
- Deconstructing Deel: How a Startup Became the OS for Global Work
- Democratizing Design
- Do You Have Lightning In a Bottle? How to Benchmark Your Social App
- Five Predictions for the Future of Learning in the Age of AI
- From Demos to Deals: Insights for Building in Enterprise AI
- Games, Memes, and Giveaways: How Tech Celebrates Chinese New Year
- Hidden Networks: Network Effects That Don’t Look Like Network Effects
- How AI Will Usher in an Era of Abundance
- How Are Consumers Using Generative AI?
- How to Build A Winning Paid Membership Program
- In Consumer AI, Momentum Is the Moat
- Insurance
- Mass SaaS: Thinking about SaaS on the Consumer Side
- Mindsets for Thinking about Innovation In — and Competition from — China
- Money on Autopilot: The Future of AI x Personal Finance
- Notes on AI Apps in 2026
- Of course they’re putting ads in AI
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Brainstorm — How to Start a Startup Using Only a Computer, Internet, Paypal, and a High School Education
- Required Reading for Marketplace Entrepreneurs
- The AI-Native Office Suite – Can AI Do Work For You?
- The Dynamics of Network Effects
- The Economic Case for Generative AI (presentation)
- The End of the Beginning, Again
- The Great Expansion: A New Era of Consumer Software
- The Insider’s Guide to Data Rooms: What to Know Before You Raise
- The New Learning Economy: It’s Time To Build in Education
- The Rise of a Different Work-from-Home
- The Smartest Consumer Apps Now Cost $200 a Month
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 3rd Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 4th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 5th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps — 6th Edition
- Universally Accessible Intelligence
- What Builders Talk About When They Talk About AI
- Where We Go From Here
- Why Amazon Has No Profits (And Why It Works)
- Why We Should Be Optimistic About the Future
-
Creativity
- 5 Principles for Product Managers Fending Off Obsolescence in the AI Era
- AI Avatars Escape the Uncanny Valley
- Apps Unwrapped
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2025
- Democratizing Design
- Disposable Software
- Elevating AI + Art
- Export Your Brain: How I Uploaded Myself to AI
- Generative AI: The Next Consumer Platform
- How AI Will Usher in an Era of Abundance
- Humans Are for Ideas, AI Is for Execution
- Software’s YouTube Moment is Happening Now
- State of Consumer AI 2025: Product Hits, Misses, and What’s Next
- The AI-Native Office Suite – Can AI Do Work For You?
- The Future of Music: How Generative AI Is Transforming the Music Industry
- The Future of the Web is the History of YouTube
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 3rd Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 4th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 5th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps — 6th Edition
- The Year in Tech News & Trends, Explained… In 16 Short Podcasts
- Why 2023 Was AI Video’s Breakout Year, and What to Expect in 2024
-
Creator Economy
- 1,000 True Fans? Try 100
- 16 Key Metrics for the Passion Economy
- a16z Podcast: The New Fan Club—Creators, Fans, and the Power of Markets (& Crypto)
- As More Workers Go Solo, the Software Stack Is the New Firm
- Disposable Software
- Software’s YouTube Moment is Happening Now
- The Future of the Web is the History of YouTube
- The Passion Economy and the Future of Work
- The Rise of Lifestyle Streamers
-
Education & Learning
- 11 Reasons to Be Excited about the Future of Technology
- 16 Ways to Increase U.S. Entrepreneurship (and Competitiveness)
- Apps Unwrapped
- Edtech’s Answer to Remote Learning Burnout
- Five Predictions for the Future of Learning in the Age of AI
- Introducing Hustlin’ Tech
- It’s Time to Build
- Making Math Education Relevant in the Computer Age
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Google’s Push to Promote Girls to Code
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Udacity-AT&T NanoDegree
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Why How We learn is Changing Radically for the Better
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 3rd Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 4th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 5th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps — 6th Edition
- What’s Next for Education Startups
- What’s Next for Education Startups (Part II)
- When Hamlet Met Hip Hop
-
Everyday AI
- “Adventure is out there!”: Opportunities in AI x Travel
- 10 Year Futures (Vs. What’s Happening Now)
- a16z Slack Debate: Will Generative AI Supplant Therapists, Game Makers…Friends?
- AI Bias
- AI Voice Agents: 2025 Update
- AI, VR, and Disrupting Mobile
- AI’s Second Order Effects
- AlphaGo Zero: Revenge of the Algorithms?
- Artificial Intelligence: The Promise and the Playbook
- Batteries Included, Opinions Required: The Specialization of App Gen Platforms
- Bridge Technologies
- Democratizing Design
- Disposable Software
- Export Your Brain: How I Uploaded Myself to AI
- Five Predictions for the Future of Learning in the Age of AI
- From Prompt to Product: The Rise of AI-Powered Web App Builders
- From Thermostats to Driverless Cars, Finding Structure in an Unstructured World
- Generative AI: The Next Consumer Platform
- Humans Are for Ideas, AI Is for Execution
- Is Alexa Working?
- Is This AI’s Hardware Moment? A Reluctant Debate.
- It’s Not a Computer, It’s a Companion!
- Money on Autopilot: The Future of AI x Personal Finance
- Of course they’re putting ads in AI
- On Chat Bots, Conversation, and AI as an Interface
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: AI and the Turing Test
- Shopping in ‘God Mode’ with AI
- Software’s YouTube Moment is Happening Now
- State of Consumer AI 2025: Product Hits, Misses, and What’s Next
- Taming the Tail: Adventures in Improving AI Economics
- The AI-Native Office Suite – Can AI Do Work For You?
- The Economic Case for Generative AI (presentation)
- The Future of the Web is the History of YouTube
- The Great Expansion: A New Era of Consumer Software
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 3rd Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 4th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 5th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps — 6th Edition
- Universally Accessible Intelligence
- Voice… Is a Big Deal?
- What Builders Talk About When They Talk About AI
- When AI is the Product: The Rise of AI-Based Consumer Apps
- Where We Go From Here
-
Marketplaces
- 16 Mobile Theses
- 16 More Startup Metrics
- 16 Startup Metrics
- 5 Questions, 25 CEOs: The Marketplace Exec Survey
- 8 Things to Consider When Building Managed Marketplace Companies
- A Guide to Marketplaces
- a16z Podcast: Growth in Turbulent Times
- a16z Slack Debate: Breakout Marketplace Companies and Categories
- Alibaba’s First Public Earnings Report, Annotated
- Amazon’s Revolutionary Retail Strategy? Recycling Old Ideas
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2023: An a16z Omnibus
- Both Sides of the Partnership: Executing Lyft’s “Impossible” Ask
- Crypto Startup School Back In Session: Videos Now Live
- Debating the Tech Bubble with Steve Blank: Part I
- Debating the Tech Bubble with Steve Blank: Part II
- Debunking a popular law often cited in discussions of network effects
- E-commerce 2.0
- Four Paths to Marketplace Success
- Four Trends in Consumer Tech
- Generative AI: The Next Consumer Platform
- GMV Retention: The Marketplace Metric Most Ignore
- Healthcare Marketplaces, Where Art Thou?
- Hidden Networks: Network Effects That Don’t Look Like Network Effects
- How AI Will Usher in an Era of Abundance
- Instacart
- Layers of Growth
- Life in 2030
- Making a Living Off ‘Likes’: The New Influencer Paradigm
- Managing Tensions In Online Marketplaces
- Marketplace Supply Strategy: Comprehensive, Exclusive, or Curated
- Marketplaces in the Age of AI
- Merging Glam and Ning
- Mobile Is Eating the World, 2014 (slides only)
- My Marketplace Strategy: Go Niche
- Network Effects: Categories & Debates (2 of 3)
- Network Effects: Measure Them, Nurture Them (3 of 3)
- Network Effects: So, Is It a Network Effect? (1 of 3)
- Online Marketplaces
- Online to Offline 2.0 — Experiments and Examples from China
- Online Video
- Online2Offline Commerce
- Our Top 10 Consumer Tech Posts of 2019
- Our Top 10 Consumer Tech Posts of 2020
- Our Top 5 Longreads of 2015
- People Marketplaces
- Platforms vs Verticals and the Next Great Unbundling
- Pmarca Tweetstorms: Future of Movie Theaters
- Primary Care Needs a New Operating System
- Product Hunt: A Passion for Products, the Makers Behind Them, and the Community Around Them
- Required Reading for Marketplace Entrepreneurs
- Service as a SKU
- Super Bowl 50: Are You Ready for Some Platform?
- Temu: What It Is, and Why It Matters
- The 20 Best Essays on Building Marketplace Startups
- The Dynamics of Network Effects
- The Elements of Stickers
- The End of Advertising
- The End of the Beginning
- The Future of Ecommerce: How a Product Becomes a Purchase
- The Future of the News Business: A Monumental Twitter Stream All in One Place
- The Marketplace 100
- The Marketplace Glossary
- The Supply Side of Marketplaces Is King (Or, Why Many ‘Uber for X’ Startups Failed)
- The Tipping Point (E-Commerce Version)
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 3rd Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 4th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 5th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps — 6th Edition
- The Video-First Future of Ecommerce
- Tilting With the Crowd
- TinyCo‘s Big Opportunity
- What is a Super App?
- What’s Next for Marketplace Startups?
- What’s Next for Education Startups
- What’s Next for Education Startups (Part II)
- What’s Next for Marketplace Startups: Services and More
-
Productivity
- “Adventure is out there!”: Opportunities in AI x Travel
- 16 Mobile Theses
- 5 Principles for Product Managers Fending Off Obsolescence in the AI Era
- a16z Slack Debate: Will Generative AI Supplant Therapists, Game Makers…Friends?
- AI Avatars Escape the Uncanny Valley
- Apps Unwrapped
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2025
- Edtech’s Answer to Remote Learning Burnout
- Five Predictions for the Future of Learning in the Age of AI
- Generative AI: The Next Consumer Platform
- How AI Will Usher in an Era of Abundance
- Life in 2030
- Money on Autopilot: The Future of AI x Personal Finance
- State of Consumer AI 2025: Product Hits, Misses, and What’s Next
- The AI-Native Office Suite – Can AI Do Work For You?
- The Future of Prosumer: The Rise of “AI Native” Workflows
- The Great Expansion: A New Era of Consumer Software
- The New Learning Economy: It’s Time To Build in Education
- The Rise of a Different Work-from-Home
- The Smartest Consumer Apps Now Cost $200 a Month
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 3rd Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 4th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 5th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps — 6th Edition
-
Subscriptions
- How to Build A Winning Paid Membership Program
- Mass SaaS: Thinking about SaaS on the Consumer Side
- The Great Expansion: A New Era of Consumer Software
- The Smartest Consumer Apps Now Cost $200 a Month
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 3rd Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 4th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 5th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps — 6th Edition
Crypto
-
Code & Engineering
- A New Financial Model for App Tokens: How to Generate Cash Flows
- Building Helios: Fully trustless access to Ethereum
- Crypto and the Evolution of Open Source
- Explore the State of Crypto 2024: New Data on Crypto Users, Builders, and Technologies
- Field Notes: Devcon3 — Ethereum Developer’s Conference
- From Technical to Product to Sales CEO: Hard-Earned Lessons Learned
- Generalized property tests for ERC4626 vaults
- Hidden in Plain Sight: A Sneaky Solidity Implementation of a Sealed-Bid Auction
- How to Build a Better Internet: 10 Principles for World leaders Shaping the Future of Web3
- How to Engineer a Best Picture Oscar
- Inside the Biggest Heist
- Meteor Magic
- On Paper to On-Chain: How Auction Theory Informs Smart Contract Implementations
- On-chain trusted setup ceremony
- Open Source: From Community to Commercialization
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: A Hero of Mine — Donald Knuth
- Release Notes: Halmos v0.1.0
- Security Audit Secrets to Success
- Symbolic testing with Halmos: Leveraging existing tests for formal verification
- The Can’t Be Evil NFT Licenses
- The Happy Demise of the 10X Engineer
- Theory to Code: Building the Breakthrough zkVM Jolt
- Towards a Decentralized Storage Network for the Blockchain Computer
-
Company Building & How-to
- “We’re Living the Dream — We Just Don’t Realize It”
- 3 Mental Models for Crypto Infrastructure
- 3 Ways to Organize Decentralization in Your Startup
- 5 Rules for Token Launches
- A useful framework for understanding stablecoins: Banking history
- After the Foundation Era: Tokens, Policy, and Startup Structures
- AI and the End of Apps (with NEAR)
- An Intro to Crypto: Building Blocks
- An Underrated Strategy for Founding the Next Breakout Company
- Announcing the Crypto Startup Accelerator (CSX) Spring 2024 Cohort
- Blockchain & Internet Glossary (A–Z): Key Terms from Read Write Own
- Books, Shows, Apps: Some Recommendations for Winter 2023
- Building Dapper Labs
- Building Optimism: A Conversation with Optimism Founder Jing Wang
- Building PROOF: A Conversation with Kevin Rose and Chris Dixon
- Consumer Products 101
- Conversation on incentives
- Crafting Virtual Worlds
- Crypto Startup Accelerator (CSX) Fall 2024 in New York City: Applications Now Open
- Crypto Startup School 2023: Recap & Resources
- Crypto Startup School Applications Now Open for Spring 2024 in London
- Designing Beloved Brands
- Dreaming big with Protocol Labs
- Editorial Content: Strategies and Tactics
- Evaluating Cross-Chain Messaging Protocols
- Explore the State of Crypto 2024: New Data on Crypto Users, Builders, and Technologies
- Finding Users & Building Partnerships in web3
- Fixing the Economics of Being a Creator
- Founder Talk with Dan Romero, Co-founder & CEO of Farcaster
- Getting Ready to Launch a Token: What You Need to Know
- Go-to-Market Models
- Hiring in web3: 4 principles for finding talent in volatile times
- How Anatoly Yakovenko Built Solana
- How Brian Armstrong Built Coinbase
- How This Foodie Founder Is Revamping Restaurants
- How to Build an Engaged Web3 Community
- How to build in web3: New talks from Crypto Startup School ’23
- How to Find Product-market Fit: 5 Strategies for Web3
- How to Navigate Token Launch Risks
- How to Not Get Hacked and Other Security Lessons Learned
- How to Set Up People Operations for Web3 Founders
- How To Think About Crypto Investing, For Institutional Investors
- How to Think About Tokens in Compensation
- Inside the Solana Story: Near-Death Brushes and a Need for Speed (with Solana)
- Introducing Voices Onchain
- Journey to Jumpstart: From Meerkat to Houseparty to a Crypto-Native Social Network
- Launching and Marketing Your Project
- Layer 2, Rollups, and Building Onchain (with Base)
- Leading through uncertainty (with Coinbase CEO)
- Marketing 101 for startups: Token Launches, Memes, Reaching Devs & More
- On Finding Product Market Fit — and Meaning
- Personal and Physical Security for Crypto Founders, Operators, and Investors
- Planning for Token Launches
- Post-Quantum Blockchains
- Pricing Strategy for Startups
- Read Write Own: Table of Contents
- Security Audit Secrets to Success
- Security Best Practices: The Front End Process
- Smart Contract Design Patterns
- Snowboards, software, and scaling (with Shopify CEO)
- Social Media for Startup Founders: A Practical Guide to Building an Online Presence
- Social Media Secrets: How To Build Your Presence
- Surviving Market Cycles & Startup Lessons for Founders
- The Five Pillars of Product-Market Fit
- The Path to Starting a Startup
- Token Do’s and Don’ts
- Token Rights in Term Sheets: How to Avoid Predatory Deals
- Tokencraft
- What We’re Reading, How We’re Reading, Why We Read
- Why Decentralization Matters, for Builders
- You Better Have a 30-Year Goal (with Eigen Labs)
- Your Guide to Tokens: How to Design, Launch, Structure Rights, and More
- Your Guide to Tokens: Types, Design, Uses, More
- Zero Knowledge Made Simple
-
Policy & Regulation
- ‘Disruption, Disrupted’: A Roundup
- 10 Federal Agencies You Might Not Have Heard of, But That Matter for Tech
- 35 Fintech Companies Aiding in Coronavirus Relief
- 5 Rules for Token Launches
- A Call to the SEC: Treat Crypto Assets as if Clients Matter
- A Conversation with U.S. Congressman Patrick McHenry
- A Green Beret’s Journey to Blockchain and Crypto
- A Legal Framework for Decentralized Autonomous Organizations
- A Model for Software-enabled Government That Works
- A Moment of Gratitude: 5 Crypto Issues Both Parties Agree On
- A New (Digital) Age at the SEC
- A Safe Harbor for Software: Why the SEC Should Clarify Broker Rules for Blockchain Apps
- a16z Comment Letter to the Department of the Treasury and IRS regarding the Proposed Digital Asset Broker Reporting Requirements
- a16z crypto’s Response to the UK’s HMT Crypto Consultation – April 2023
- a16z Crypto’s Comment on SEC Exchange Act Proposal
- Achieving Crypto Privacy and Regulatory Compliance
- Addressing the Regulatory Gap for Individual (Retail) Crypto Investors
- Advice for Startups Straddling the Tech and Policy Worlds
- After the Foundation Era: Tokens, Policy, and Startup Structures
- An Important Bill That Helps Our Industry: Why it Matters, and What You Can Do
- Analogies, the Big Picture, and Considerations for Regulating Crypto
- Anyone Can Get Debanked. DeFi is a Critical Safety Net.
- Avoiding Financial Armageddon at the Post Office
- Best Practices for Corporate Structures
- Blockchain’s two cultures: The computer vs. the casino
- By Opposing Small Cap Market Reform, Wall Street’s Largest Retail Brokers are Putting Their Economics Ahead of Customers’ Best Interests
- Case Studies for “Grading Recent Actions: How the SEC, CFTC, and the Courts Measure Up”
- CFTC Chairman Christopher Giancarlo on Regulating Crypto
- CFTC Commissioner Rostin Behnam on Regulating Crypto Futures and Derivatives
- Clear Rules for Stablecoins and the Road Ahead
- Comment Letter: Safeguarding Advisory Client Assets – May 2023
- Crypto & The Infrastructure Bill — Fact Sheet
- Crypto Has Become A Key Political Issue
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: April 19 – May 5, 2024
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: April 5 – April 19, 2024
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: April 7, 2023 – April 28, 2023
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: August 12 – September 13, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: August 18 – September 1, 2023
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: December 20, 2024 – January 17, 2025
- Crypto news & regulatory update: December 23, 2023 – January 12, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: December 4 – 22, 2023
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: February 14 – February 28, 2025
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: February 28 – March 14, 2025
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: February 9 – March 1, 2024
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: January 17 – January 31, 2025
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: January 31 – February 14, 2025
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: June 21 – August 12, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: March 1 – March 15, 2024
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: March 14 – 28, 2025
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: March 15 – April 5, 2024
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: March 17, 2023 – April 7, 2023
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: May 20 – June 21, 2024
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: May 5 – May 20, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: November 20 – December 4, 2023
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: November 22 – December 20, 2024
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: November 5 – 22, 2024
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: October 2 – 23, 2023
- Crypto news & regulatory update: October 23 – November 20, 2023
- Crypto News & Regulatory Update: October 4 – November 4, 2024
- Crypto news & regulatory update: September 13 – October 4, 2024
- Crypto News & Regulatory Roundup: November 19 – December 16, 2022
- Crypto News and Regulatory Update: April 28, 2023 – May 16, 2023
- Crypto News and Regulatory Update: July 14, 2023 – July 28, 2023
- Crypto news and regulatory update: July 28 – August 18, 2023
- Crypto News and Regulatory Update: June 7, 2023 – July 14, 2023
- Crypto News and Regulatory Update: May 16, 2023 – June 6, 2023
- Crypto News and Regulatory Update: September 1 – 15, 2023
- Crypto News and Regulatory Update: September 15 – 29, 2023
- Crypto Policy & Regulatory Roundup: September 27 – October 17 2022
- Crypto Regulatory News Roundup: October 18 – November 9, 2022
- Crypto, Beyond Silk Road
- DAO Entity Features & Entity Selection
- Decentralization for Web3 Builders: Principles, Models, and How
- Dooming Wild Dogs and Digital Downloads
- Embracing New Tech Policy Can Propel The UK Forward
- End the Era of Mass Financial Surveillance
- Estonia: The Little Country That Cloud
- Factors of Decentralization of web3 Protocols: Tools for Planning Greater Decentralization
- Food, Drugs, and Tech—100 Years of Public Health
- GENIUS Becomes Law: What It Took to Pass the First Rules for Stablecoins in the U.S.
- Getting Ready to Launch a Token: What You Need to Know
- Grading Recent Actions: How the SEC, CFTC, and the Courts Measure Up
- Hey Biggest Spender: Federal IT
- How Bad Policy Favors Memes Over Matter
- How Government Drives Innovation
- How the U.S. Can Benefit from Effective Crypto Tax Policy
- How to Bring Airdrops Home
- How to Engage with U.S. Policymakers
- How to Navigate Token Launch Risks
- How to pick a DAO legal entity
- Immigration Shifts 2019: Prep and Resources for Startups
- In Defense of Stablecoins
- In Defense of Standards, Ethics, and Honest Financial Reporting at Hewlett-Packard
- IOSCO Crypto and Digital Assets Market Consultation Response
- It’s Time to Bring Assets Onchain
- It’s Time to Build
- It’s Time to Move Crypto from Chaos to Order
- Kik and the SEC: What’s Going On and What Does It Mean for Crypto?
- Learning from the 1890s Struggle with Economic Change (1/2)
- Let Staking Flourish in the U.S.
- Limit, Don’t Ban, Dual-Class Share Structures
- Machiavelli for DAOs: Designing Effective Decentralized Governance (part 2)
- Machiavelli for DAOs: Principles for Fixing Decentralized Governance (part 1)
- Modernizing Markets for a Tokenized Future: Principles for Tokenized Securities and Broker-Dealers
- Mutability in Crypto and Recent Moves by the SEC
- On Capital Formation, Smaller Companies, and IPOs
- On CFIUS Reform: Examining the Essential Elements
- On Crypto and Its Implications for American Technology Innovation
- On Startups, Platforms, and Innovation
- On Supercities, Economic Growth, and Income Inequality in a Post-COVID World
- Our Proposals to the Senate Banking Committee
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: If You Want to Understand the Issues Surrounding Net Neutrality Here are Your Topics
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Big Bank Lessons
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Explaining Levels of Confidence in US Institutions
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: FCC Regulations Outdated
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Flip Side of Unbundling
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Golden Age of Journalism
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: How Apple Fends Off Disruption
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Interesting Thoughts on Marx
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Is Tech Taking Jobs?
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Money and Voting in the U.S.
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Navigating the Complexity of Net Neutrality
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: On Banking, Finance, and Bitcoin
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Stagnation Theory (4/5)
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Tech Eats All Jobs Manifesto
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Tech Gives People Superpowers
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: The Evolution of the Views of Computer Technology
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: The Long, Slow Slide of Trust in Media
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: The Problem with the “Solving Big Problems” Argument
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: The Relationship Between Diversity and Success in VC Investing
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: The Thorny Business of Net Neutrality
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: When Photocopiers Went Free in the U.S.S.R. — The Role of Technology in State Control
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Why Technology Disproportionately Helps the Poor
- Policy and Regulatory Considerations for Web3 Builders
- Privacy-Protecting Regulatory Solutions Using Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Full Paper
- Reading Between the Lines: SEC, Telegram, and Rule 144
- Regulate Web3 Apps, Not Protocols
- Regulate Web3 Apps, Not Protocols Part II: Framework for Regulating Web3 Apps
- Regulate Web3 Apps, Not Protocols Part III: The Web3 DAO Dilemma
- Regulation 101
- Regulatory Update: Fed Withdraws Bank Crypto Guidance, Oregon Sues Coinbase, SEC Roundtable
- Regulatory Update: GENIUS & CLARITY Acts, SEC on Staking, 401(k) Guidance, and More
- Regulatory Update: Stablecoin Bill Negotiations, Banks Get Crypto Clarity, Market Structure Draft Bill Release
- Regulatory Update: Trump Signs CRA, STABLE Bill Moves, SEC on Stablecoins
- Regulatory Update: White House Digital Asset Report, SEC on ‘Project Crypto’ and Liquid Staking, and More
- Rethinking SEC rulemaking: Why crypto needs its own rules
- Revisiting Bernanke’s “Global Savings Glut” Hypothesis
- SEC RFI: A Control-Based Decentralization Framework for Securities Laws
- SEC RFI: Creating a Safe Harbor and Crowdfunding Regime for Collectible Tokens (NFTs)
- SEC RFI: Safe Harbor for Certain Airdrops & Incentive-Based Rewards of Network Tokens
- Shareholder’s Best Interests
- Shareholders vs. Stakeholders? No: Customers
- Should the United States Implement a Bitcoin Strategic Reserve?
- Stablecoins, Stability, and Financial Inclusion
- Stagnation Theory Underestimates the Potential of Technologies (0/5)
- State of Crypto 2023: Spotlight on Crypto Policy
- Susan Rice on Leadership During Crisis
- Technology Predictions
- Tenure Voting and Rethinking What’s Fair in Corporate Governance
- The 16 Top Tech Policy Developments of 2016
- The Elections Won’t Affect Tech in the Ways You Think
- The Myth of Money
- The Top 16 Tech Policy Developments of 2017
- This is a Tale of Two Irans
- Thoughts on Secular Stagnation (1/5)
- Thoughts on Secular Stagnation (2/5)
- Thoughts on Secular Stagnation (3/5)
- Thoughts on Secular Stagnation (5/5)
- To Create Jobs the Stock Market Needs a Little Inefficiency
- Token Do’s and Don’ts
- Trust and Privacy: The Case (and Comparison) of Microsoft and Facebook
- U.S. as the Crypto Capital: What It Would Take
- Understanding One of the Most Misunderstood Concepts of Innovation: ‘Disruption’
- US Senate: Don’t Punish the Startup for the Sins of the Outsourcer
- Wait — The Bank Froze Your Life Savings? Debanking Exposed
- What Corporate Boards Can Learn from Delaware
- What It Will Take to Create the Next Great Silicon Valleys, Plural
- What Regulators Can Learn From the Aftermath of the Titanic
- When Innovation and Capital Go Global: On CFIUS & FIRRMA
- Why a16z Opposes Secretary Mnuchin’s FinCEN Midnight Crypto Rulemaking
- Why Blockchains Need Privacy
- Why Decentralization Matters, and Needs Incentives
- Why Ethereum ETPs (vs. ETFs) Are So Significant, & More FAQs
- Why I Did Not Go To Jail
- Why Silicon Valley Can’t Find Europe
- Why the Department of Justice’s Actions Against DeFi are a Wreck
- Why We Need Decentralized Stablecoins
-
Research
- 17 Misconceptions About SNARKs (and Why They Hold Us Back)
- 8 Reasons Why Blockchain Mechanism Design is Hard
- A New Era in SNARK Design: Releasing Jolt
- A Technical FAQ on Lasso, Jolt, and Recent Advancements in SNARK Design
- Accelerating the World Computer: Implementing Jolt, a New State-of-the-Art zkVM
- Adaptivity and Asynchrony in Distributed Key Generation
- Algorithmic Contract Theory and Contractible Contracts
- All About That Gas
- Automated Market Making and Arbitrage Profits in the Presence of Fees
- Best of Real World Crypto 2025: Field Notes
- Beyond ZK: Next Steps for Compliance and Constrained Encryption on Blockchains
- BLS Multi-Signatures for Blockchain Applications
- Boosting Lasso+Jolt Through Faster Commitments – with Far-Reaching Consequences
- Building Jolt: A Fast, Easy-to-Use zkVM
- Congestion Pricing: Economics, Theory, Reality
- Correcting Some SNARK Misconceptions
- Designing Reward Systems for Web3 Governance
- Distributed Data Storage, DAS, and Danksharding
- Distributed Randomness Beacons
- Exponent-VRFs and Their Applications
- FAQ on Jolt’s Initial Implementation
- Five Charts That Tell the Story of 2020 in Crypto
- Five Open Problems for the Blockchain Computer
- Gear, Gadgets, Gifts: What We’re Gifting This Holiday Season 2024
- Grassroots Cryptocurrencies: A Foundation for a Digital Economy
- High-Frequency Trading and the Design of Financial Markets
- How to Build a Social Presence in Web3 and Beyond
- Introducing Our Summer ’23 Research Seminars
- It’s All About Trust
- Jolt, zkVMs, and Speeding Up Blockchains
- Lasso in a Nutshell
- Lasso, Jolt, and the Lookup Singularity, Part I
- Lasso, Jolt, and the Lookup Singularity, Part II
- Limits on Revocable Proof Systems
- LVR in a Minute with Tim Roughgarden
- Manipulating Leader Selection in BFT Protocols
- MEV Explained
- Oblivious RAM: From Theory to Large-Scale Real-World Deployment
- On the Impossibility of Stateless Blockchains
- One Dollar, Many Flavors: Inferring Preferences for Stablecoins
- Open Sourcing Our Token Delegate Program
- Patents, Intellectual Property and the Rise of the Rent-Seeking Society
- Permissionless Consensus
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: The Technological Tailwind and the Economy
- Post-Quantum Single Secret Leader Election
- Prediction for the New Year: A Web3 Midterm
- Proving as Fast as Computing – Part 1
- Proving as Fast as Computing – Part 2
- Recent latest Message Driven GHOST
- Revisiting Accepted Wisdom in SNARK Design
- Sui Lutris: Combining Broadcast and Consensus in a Production Blockchain
- Tackling Pain-Points with Optimistic Rollups
- The Crypto Price-Innovation Cycle
- The Effects of Retroactive Rewards on Participating in Online Governance
- The Lookup Singularity
- The Research Mentality… and how to adopt it for product-led growth
- Theory to Code: Building the Breakthrough zkVM Jolt
- Threshold ECDSA in 3 Rounds
- Transaction Fee Mechanism Design with Active Block Producers
- Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) for Blockchain Applications
- Understanding Dencun, the Biggest Upgrade to Ethereum Since The Merge
- Understanding Jolt: Clarifications and Reflections
- Workshop on Rollup Sequencer Economics: Open Questions, organized
- Workshop on Rollup Sequencer Economics: Small Group Discussion
- Zero Knowledge Summit (zkSummit) 2024: Field notes
- ZK and cryptography
-
Technologies
- 16 Insights from New York Times Bestseller Read Write Own
- 16 Things
- 5 Charts That Explain Crypto Right Now [Podcast]
- 5 Metrics to Watch in 2025
- 6 Phishing Schemes To Watch Out For
- 7 Big Ideas for 2025 (and More Trends to Watch) [newsletter]
- A New Financial Model for App Tokens: How to Generate Cash Flows
- After the Foundation Era: Tokens, Policy, and Startup Structures
- AI and the End of Apps (with NEAR)
- AI Bots & Memecoins
- All the Stablecoin News: Stripe, Visa, Coinbase, Circle, More
- An Underrated Strategy for Founding the Next Breakout Company
- Best of Real World Crypto 2025: Field Notes
- Bill
- Blockchain Innovation Will Put an AI-Powered Internet Back into Users’ Hands
- Blockchain’s two cultures: The computer vs. the casino
- Bridges: Out of the Mess, Into the Meshnet (with LayerZero)
- Bubble Might Pop: A ‘Tweetstorm’ in Just 3 Tweets
- Clear Rules for Stablecoins and the Road Ahead
- Congestion Pricing: Economics, Theory, Reality
- Decentralized Energy: A Reading List of Resources
- Games as Reality (with EVE Online)
- Government… By Lottery?
- Holiday Shopping Inspiration, Prediction Markets, Jolt updates
- How Aristotle Created the Computer
- How NFT Royalties Work: Designs, Challenges, and New Ideas
- How to Bring Airdrops Home
- How to Protect Yourself After a Personal Data Breach: 5 Steps
- Inside the Biggest Heist
- Inside-Out vs. Outside-In: The Adoption of New Technologies
- Layer 2, Rollups, and Building Onchain (with Base)
- Lytro and the Magic Camera
- Security Best Practices: The Front End Process
- Stablecoins: Payments Without Intermediaries
- State of Crypto Report 2024: New Data on Swing States, Stablecoins, AI, and More
- State of Crypto: Builder Energy, U.S. Election, Stablecoins, AI, More
- Tachyon: A File and Storage System for the Future of Computing
- Theory to Code: Building the Breakthrough zkVM Jolt
- Token Do’s and Don’ts
- Tokencraft
- Wait — The Bank Froze Your Life Savings? Debanking Exposed
- Watch: 11 Ideas for AI x Crypto
- What’s Next for the Internet?
- When to Flip the Fee Switch [Newsletter]
- Where AI x Crypto Converge
- Year in Review: Top Pieces and Themes of 2024 (Plus Book Picks and More) [Newsletter]
- You Better Have a 30-Year Goal (with Eigen Labs)
- Your Guide to Tokens: How to Design, Launch, Structure Rights, and More
- Your Guide to Tokens: Types, Design, Uses, More
Cultural Leadership Fund
-
All Posts
- a16z Cultural Leadership Fund Partner Spotlight
- All In: Introducing Our 2024 Cultural Leadership Fund Nonprofit Partners
- Announcing CLF III
- Black History’s Impact on Entrepreneurship
- Building a Better, Blacker Tech Pipeline
- CLF II
- Influence Meets Innovation: How Founders and Cultural Leaders Can Work Together
- Introducing the Cultural Leadership Fund
- Introducing the Cultural Leadership Fund Non-Profit Partners
- Key Insights from the 2023 Cultural Leadership Summit
- The New Creator Stack
Digital Health Builders
-
All Posts
- A Transition to My New Normal
- a16z Podcast: Connecting People with Digital Work, the Gig Economy, and More
- Digital Health
- Food, Drugs, and Tech—100 Years of Public Health
- Healthcare Has Left the Building
- It’s Not About Video. It’s About Always-on Triage.
- Life and Death in the Future: Healthier, and Better
- Our Top 10 Podcasts of 2019
- Our Top 16 Podcasts and Videos of 2018
- Our Top 16 Podcasts of 2016
- Our Top 16+ Podcasts of 2017
- Our Top 20 Podcasts of 2020
- Pmarca Tweetstorm: Commenting on Uber’s Chances in 2011 (Or, Missing the Mark)
- Primary Care Needs a New Operating System
- Quantifying Disease Risk Using Genomics: the New Paradigm
- Software Gets the World to Stop (Over) Eating
- Solving Baumol’s Cost Disease, in Healthcare
- The New Tech Stack for Virtual-First Care
- Veteran Inclusion Grants
Enterprise
-
Applications
- A New Enterprise Software Franchise: Optimizely
- Andy McCall
- Brian Roberts
- Context is King
- Every Building You’ve Ever Been In Was Designed By Software Built in 1997
- For B2B Generative AI Apps, Is Less More?
- Hardcore Software: When Microsoft Office Went Enterprise
- Internet of Things
- Law & Order: GPU
- Meet the New Enterprise Customer, He’s a Lot Like the Old Enterprise Customer
- Oil Wells vs. Pipelines: Two Strategies for Building AI Companies
- Our Top 10 Enterprise Posts of 2019
- Owning the Workflow in B2B AI Apps
- Progressive Decentralization: A Playbook for Building Crypto Applications
- Rockets, Jets, and Chips: How to Modernize U.S. Manufacturing
- The AI Application Spending Report: Where Startup Dollars Really Go
- The Case for Services in Enterprise Software Startups
- The Greenfield Strategy: AI-native startup Bingo
- The Market for User Research Platforms
- The Renaissance of Enterprise Computing
- The Rise of Computer Use and Agentic Coworkers
- The SaaS Manifesto: Part Three – Creating an “Express Lane” for the Procurement of Departmental SaaS Applications
- Trading Margin for Moat: Why the Forward Deployed Engineer Is the Hottest Job in Startups
- Understanding SaaS: Why the Pundits Have It Wrong
- Vertical Operating Systems: One System of Record to Rule Them All
- We Need to Break the Mobile Duopoly. We Need a 3rd Mobile OS
- What Is an API and Why Does It Matter? [animated video]
- Why Software Is Eating the World
- Why the Browser Matters
-
Cloud
- Aggregation is the New Virtualization: How Microservices Are Taming Distributed Computing
- Cloud-Client Computing
- Cloud-client Computing and the Evolution of the Mobile App
- Reinventing Storage from the Inside Out
- The Kick-Ass Cloud for Developers
- The Next Generation of Cloud Security Startups
- What All the Recent Tech Company Splits Say about the Future of Cloud Computing
-
Data
- 16 Things to Get IPO-Ready (or Just Build a Really Strong Business)
- Big Data On Demand
- Containers
- Context is King
- Data 50
- Data Analytics for the Mobile Web
- Data Killed the HiPPO Star
- DataGravity: Transforming today’s dumb storage into tomorrow’s information
- Disrupting Business Analytics
- Emerging Architectures for Modern Data Infrastructure
- Fruits of the Walled Garden
- Hallucination vs. Vision, Selling Your Art in the Real World: Brian Koppelman Interviews Marc Andreessen
- Machine Learning + Big Data
- Not Just Data, the Right Data: A Conversation with Goldman Sachs’ Technology Head
- Oil Wells vs. Pipelines: Two Strategies for Building AI Companies
- Reinventing Storage from the Inside Out
- Solving the Data Deluge
- The AI Application Spending Report: Where Startup Dollars Really Go
- The Datacenter of the Future Is Almost Here. Here’s What’s in It for Startups
- The Empty Promise of Data Moats
- Two Powerful Mental Models: Network Effects and Critical Mass
- Who Owns the Generative AI Platform?
-
Developer Tooling
- Distelli and the Rise of DevOps
- How Generative AI Is Remaking UI/UX Design
- Put the Internet To Work For You
- The Developer’s Way
- The Rise of Computer Use and Agentic Coworkers
- We Need Better Interfaces for Programming the Internet of Things
- What Is an API and Why Does It Matter? [animated video]
- Zane Lackey
-
Enterprise x AI
- “Death of a Salesforce”: Why AI Will Transform the Next Generation of Sales Tech
- 10 Years Too Early — On a Tech Career, Business, and Investing
- AI Canon
- AI Copilots and the Future of Knowledge Work
- AI Food Fights in the Enterprise
- AI in 2020
- AI Voice Agents: 2025 Update
- AI, Deep Learning, and Machine Learning: A Primer
- Algorithms of the Mind
- Art Isn’t Dead, It’s Just Machine-Generated
- Artificial Intelligence: The Promise and the Playbook
- BarbAIrians at the Gate: The Financial Opportunity of AI
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2025
- Can AI Help Save Lives?
- Connect/Enterprise: Building Products With Generative AI
- Context is King
- Democratizing Design
- Emerging Architectures for LLM Applications
- Erin Price-Wright
- Every Building You’ve Ever Been In Was Designed By Software Built in 1997
- Everyone is an Analyst: Opportunities in Operational Analytics
- Explaining AI
- Faster, Smarter, Cheaper: AI Is Reinventing Market Research
- For B2B Generative AI Apps, Is Less More?
- From Demos to Deals: Insights for Building in Enterprise AI
- From Prompt to Product: The Rise of AI-Powered Web App Builders
- Fruits of the Walled Garden
- Gaurav Dhillon 2.0 and His All New Integration Company
- How 100 Enterprise CIOs Are Building and Buying Gen AI in 2025
- How Generative AI Is Remaking UI/UX Design
- How Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) Rewrites the Rules of Search
- How to Navigate the ‘Idea Maze’ for Artificial Intelligence Startups
- Improving AI
- Is There an Enterprise Margin Crisis?
- Law & Order: GPU
- More Countries, More Problems: Selling AI Products Around the World is Still Too Hard
- Navigating the Impact of Generative AI on Enterprise Security: Insights from Industry Experts
- Need for Speed in AI Sales: AI Doesn’t Just Change What You Sell. It Also Changes How You Sell It.
- Oil Wells vs. Pipelines: Two Strategies for Building AI Companies
- Owning the Workflow in B2B AI Apps
- Quantum Computing: A Primer
- Revolution at the Edge
- The AI Application Spending Report: Where Startup Dollars Really Go
- The API Battleground: A New Era of Platform Wars
- The Day Storage Went from Dumb to Smart (or Paula Long’s Secret Finally Revealed)
- The Economic Case for Generative AI (presentation)
- The Economic Case for Generative AI and Foundation Models
- The Greenfield Strategy: AI-native startup Bingo
- The Long-Tail Problem in AI, and How Autonomous Markets Can Solve It
- The New Business of AI (and How It’s Different From Traditional Software)
- The New Possibilities
- The Palantirization of everything
- The Rise of Computer Use and Agentic Coworkers
- The SaaS Manifesto: Rethinking the Business of Enterprise Computing
- The Tale of Silver Tail Systems
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 3rd Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 4th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps – 5th Edition
- The Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps — 6th Edition
- Trading Margin for Moat: Why the Forward Deployed Engineer Is the Hottest Job in Startups
- Using Generative AI to Unlock Probabilistic Products
- VMware Buys Nicira
- What “Working” Means in the Era of AI Apps
- What Builders Talk About When They Talk About AI
- Where We Go From Here
- Who Owns the Generative AI Platform?
- Who’s On Call?
-
Infrastructure
- 30 Franchises
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2025
- Emerging Architectures for Modern Data Infrastructure
- Fruits of the Walled Garden
- How Generative AI Is Remaking UI/UX Design
- Is There an Enterprise Margin Crisis?
- The API Battleground: A New Era of Platform Wars
- The Greenfield Strategy: AI-native startup Bingo
-
Security
- 2020: Why a Bad Year Was Good for Security
- A Tool for Detecting Metamorphic Smart Contracts
- Achieving Crypto Privacy and Regulatory Compliance
- Decentralized Speed: Advances in Zero Knowledge Proofs
- Decrypting Crypto, From Bitcoin and Blockchain to ICOs
- Humanity + AI: Better Together
- Identifying Authentic NFTs (Especially Against Attackers)
- Navigating the Impact of Generative AI on Enterprise Security: Insights from Industry Experts
- Notes on Security in 2019
- On-chain trusted setup ceremony
- Passwords Are Dead… Again
- Privacy-Protecting Crypto Airdrops with Zero Knowledge Proofs
- Privacy-Protecting Regulatory Solutions Using Zero-Knowledge Proofs: Full Paper
- Pushing the Bounds of Security, Machine Learning, Virtual Reality, and More
- Ransomware, Cyber-Savviness, and the Public-Private Security Connection
- Security
- Security and Privacy for Crypto with Zero-Knowledge Proofs
- Security Markets: The Lay of the Land
- Smart Contract Security: A Simple Checklist for Web3 Development
- Software Secures the World
- The New Attack Surface is Your Life
- The Next Generation of Cloud Security Startups
- The Rise of Crypto is Leading to a Safer Internet
- Wallet Security: The ‘Non-Custodial’ Fallacy
- Web3 Security: Attack Types and Lessons Learned
- Zane Lackey
- zkDocs: Zero-knowledge Information Sharing
Fintech
-
Consumer Fintech
- “Buy and Hold” No More: The Resurgence of Active Trading
- AI’s Second Order Effects
- Bringing Bitcoin To Everyone
- Digital Wallets: The Next Platform (& Where Startups Can Compete)
- Fintech’s Second Wave: Lenders in Disguise
- Leading With Software When Building A Lending Business
- The Case for Default Insurance
- The Rise Of Many in Consumer Fintech
- The Webcam Reads Credit Cards!
- Three Questions for Fintech Product Managers
- Titan’s Clayton Gardner on How the Fintech Market is Changing
- Using ‘Inflection Points’ to Overcome Fintech Startup Distribution Challenges
-
Financial Infrastructure
- Come for the Tool, Stay for the Exchange: Bootstrapping Liquidity in the Private Markets
- Does Zero-Fee Trading Pay Off?
- Every Company Will Be a Fintech Company
- Fintech’s Final Frontier: Central Banks and Disintermediation
- Foundations for Successful Fintech Infrastructure (and Several Tradeoffs to Consider)
- On Innovation and How Protocol Design Trumps ‘Legal’ Design
- Open Source Is Finally Coming to Financial Services
- The Case for Credit Unions
- The Future of Payments Is…Red?
- Why the World Still Runs on SAP
-
Global Fintech
- A Market Map of Brazil’s Credit Landscape
- B2B Fintech Drives Market Disruption in Mexico
- Brazil’s Surprising Fintech Tailwind
- Every Company Will Be a Fintech Company
- Fintech Fuels Global Payments
- Fintech Sees Renewed Focus in Colombia
- Foreign Exchange 101: What Happens When You Send Money Abroad?
- How to Move Money in the 21st Century
- It’s All About the Money (Movement): Simplifying Cross-Border Payments
- Latin America’s Fintech Boom
- Small Businesses Depend on the Stimulus Package. The Stimulus Will Depend on Fintech.
- Software Transcends Borders—Why Not Money?
- The Company of the Future is Default Global
- The Next 3 Billion in Financial Services
- The UK Is a Fintech Regulatory Superpower
- Why India Leads in Digital Payments
-
Real Estate
- A Novel Path to Homeownership
- Data: Asset Relativity (and the Case of Bay Area Housing)
- Data: Asset Relativity (and the Case of Bay Area Housing) Updated (2022)
- Making Sense of Mortgages: The Problem, and the Opportunity
- Negotiating Your First Warehouse Facility: Trade-offs Across Terms
- Serving the Multifamily Real Estate Industry with Software
- Supply and Demand, Not Hyperinflation, Driving Real Estate Prices
- The Housing Market is Killing the American Dream
- When Software Eats the Real (Estate) World
- Why Malls Are Getting Mauled
Games
-
AR & VR
- 11 Reasons to Be Excited about the Future of Technology
- AI Learned to Talk. Now it’s Learning to Build Reality
- AI, VR, and Disrupting Mobile
- Augmented Reality: Levels, Abstractions, and Interfaces
- Beyond Cameras Taking Photos to ‘Eyes That Can See’
- Beyond Mobile: Videos of the Future
- CES 2017: Observing and Learning from the ‘Year of Product Execution’
- CES 2018: Real Advances, Real Progress, Real Questions
- Founding Story: Sandbox VR (plus: Future of VR Storytelling)
- Here’s What We Need to Do to Get VR to Take Off
- Notes for the Summer: Then, Now, and Next in Mobile, AI, and VR
- Pushing the Bounds of Security, Machine Learning, Virtual Reality, and More
- Ten Year Futures and the Next Big Thing
- The a16z Pitch Room: Sandbox VR
- The VR Idea Maze
- Virtual Reality
- We Need More Open Source in Gaming
- What the Next Few Years Look Like for VR
- Why Virtual Reality Will Be the Most Social Computing Platform Yet
-
Games AI
- AI Learned to Talk. Now it’s Learning to Build Reality
- Leveling Up
- The Generative AI Revolution in Games
- The Generative AI Revolution will Enable Anyone to Create Games
- The NeverEnding Game: How AI Will Create a New Category of Games
- The Next Generation Pixar: How AI will Merge Film & Games
- Unbundling the Game Engine: The Rise of Next Generation 3D Creation Engines
- What Builders Talk About When They Talk About AI
-
Games Infrastructure
- AI Learned to Talk. Now it’s Learning to Build Reality
- The Digital Future of Tabletop Games
- The Future of Games Is Instant
- The Generative AI Revolution will Enable Anyone to Create Games
- The NeverEnding Game: How AI Will Create a New Category of Games
- The Promise of Cloud-Native Games
- The Rise of Lifestyle Streamers
- Unbundling the Game Engine: The Rise of Next Generation 3D Creation Engines
- Unlocking the Metaverse: New Opportunities in Games Infrastructure
- What’s Next for Esports Startups
General
-
a16z News
- $9B to Build the Future
- 16 (x2) Things We’re Watching, Listening to, and Playing This Summer
- 16 (x3) Books We Read in 2016
- 16 (x3) Books We’re Reading Summer 2017
- 16 (x3) Books We’re Reading This Summer
- 16 (x3) Books We’re Reading This Winter 2019
- A Personal Update
- a16z Is Moving to the Cloud
- AI for Startups
- Alex Rampell
- Ali Yahya
- An Update
- Andreessen Horowitz Raises New Fund
- Andrew Chen
- Angela Strange
- Anish Acharya
- Anjney Midha
- Announcing a16z crypto research
- Announcing Crypto Startup School Instructors
- Announcing the a16z Podcast Network: New Shows, More
- Anthony Albanese: From the NYSE to Crypto
- Arianna Simpson
- Bio Fund II
- Bio Fund III
- Bob Swan
- Brian Quintenz
- Chris Lyons
- Connie Chan
- Crypto Fund 4
- Crypto Fund II
- Crypto Fund III
- David George
- David Haber
- David Ulevitch
- Expanding to the UK
- Former DC Mayor Adrian Fenty Joins Andreessen Horowitz as Special Advisor
- Fund V
- Fund VII and Growth Fund II
- GAMES FUND ONE: Building the Future of Games
- Greg Verdine, Bio + Health Venture Partner
- Introducing a16z Crypto Startup School
- Introducing a16z START
- Introducing a16z’s Seed Fund
- Introducing Erik Torenberg
- Investing in American Dynamism
- Jai Ramaswamy
- Joe Morrissey
- Jonathan Lai and James Gwertzman
- Julie Yoo
- Katherine Boyle
- Katie Haun
- Ken Coleman
- Kristina Shen
- Late Stage Venture
- Maker Governance: Multi-Collateral Dai
- Martin Casado
- Meet the Talent x Opportunity Fall ‘23 Cohort
- Michele Korver
- Miles Jennings
- Nassim Eddequiouaq and Riyaz Faizullabhoy
- New Book: Secrets of Sand Hill Road
- New Funds, New Era
- New Year, New Fund, New Opportunities in Bio + Health
- Next Steps to Win the Future: New ideas for our web3 policy platform
- On ‘Dark Talent’, MOOCs, Universities, and Startups: An Interview with Our First Professor-In-Residence
- On Crypto Governance
- Politics and the Future
- Raghu Raghuram
- Sarah Wang
- Sriram Krishnan
- The EBC in NYC
- The Legend of The Blind MC
- The Nomad VC: a16z’s Newest Board Partner Boris Wertz
- The Shana Fisher Competitive Advantage
- The Techno-Optimist Manifesto
- Top 10 a16z Live Conversations of 2021
- Vineeta Agarwala
- We’re Leaving Delaware, And We Think You Should Consider Leaving Too
- When Software Eats the Physical World, Startups Bump Up Against Regulations
- Why I Will Give 100% of My Book Earnings to Women in the Struggle
-
Investment News
- Bringing the Linux Revolution to Networking
- Celo
- Coinbase Direct Listing
- DFINITY
- DigitalOcean IPO
- Late Stage Venture: TripActions
- Learning from My Mistakes
- Libra
- Maker
- Marketplaces, Pietra, and the Network Effects of Next Startup Talent
- Mesosphere: A Platform for the Next Generation Datacenter
- Microsoft Buys GitHub
- Microsoft Buys Skype
- Overcoming the Last Mile
- Re-imagining Enterprise Applications in the Cloud
- The Digital Lab Notebook for Life Sciences, Now Starting at Free
- The Future of Networking
- The New Foursquare
Growth
-
Capital & Fundraising
- 16 Things to Know About Raising Debt for Startups
- AI Will Supercharge Modelbusters
- Are You Ready to Be a Public Company?
- How to Think of R&D Spend
- It’s Time to Raise Your Debt Facility: Execution Tactics for Founders
- Launching a Financial Product: How to Choose the Right Funding Structure
- On Going Public: SPACs, Direct Listings, Public Offerings, and Access to Private Markets
- Private Markets Are The New High-Growth Public Markets
- Raising Capital: This is the Advice We Give Our Founders
- The Cost of Cloud, a Trillion Dollar Paradox
- The Year to Be Great
- When Entry Multiples Don’t Matter
- When Is a “Mark” Not a Mark? When It’s a Venture Capital Mark
-
Leadership & Management
- How AI Is Changing Warfare with Brian Schimpf, CEO of Anduril
- How to Minimize Politics in Your Company
- Lies that Losers Tell
- Nobody Cares
- The First Rule of Leadership
- The Prophets of Rage
- Thoughts on Building Weatherproof Companies
- What Comes After Mobile? Meta’s Andrew Bosworth on AI and Consumer Tech
- What VMware’s former CEO says you should prioritize after product-market fit
- Which Way Do You Run?
-
Sales & Go-to-Market
- 16 Sales Contract Clauses to Balance Risk and Reward
- A Framework for Defining and Refining Your ICP
- Aligning Product and GTM Teams with Better Segmentation
- Bottom Up Pricing & Packaging: Let the User Journey Be Your Guide
- Control, or Be Controlled: Sales Forecasting Done Right
- Customers Want Predictability in Usage-based Pricing. Here’s How to Help Them Get It.
- Distribution, Channel, and Partnerships
- Go-to-Market Boot Camp for Startups: Field Sales
- How Do I Build a Usage-based Sales Compensation Plan?
- How Much Should I Invest In RevOps?
- Open Source: From Community to Commercialization
- Overages: The Overlooked Problem in Usage-based Pricing (and How to Fix It)
- Pricing and Packaging Your B2B or Prosumer Generative AI Feature
- Selling Is Hard Right Now. Here’s How to Win Business in the Gen AI Era.
- The Case for Services in Enterprise Software Startups
- The Price Isn’t Right: 3 Pricing and Packaging Pitfalls to Avoid
- The Three Most Common Challenges with Freemium—And How to Fix Them
- Usage-Based Pricing Is Popular, But Is It Right For You? Our Rule of Thumb
- What VMware’s former CEO says you should prioritize after product-market fit
- Why Pricing and Packaging Matters More When You’re Launching Your Second Product
- Why You Should Engage With Analysts—and How to Do It Right
Infra
-
All Posts
- 16 Steps to Securing Your Data (and Life)
- 30 Franchises
- 5 Founders on the Future of Data
- A Deep Dive Into MCP and the Future of AI Tooling
- Advancing Open Source AI Through Benchmarks and Bold Experimentation
- AI + a16z
- AI Canon
- America Cannot Lose the Robotics Race
- Announcing Our Latest Open Source AI Grants
- Art Isn’t Dead, It’s Just Machine-Generated
- Base AI Policy on Evidence, Not Existential Angst
- Big Ideas in Tech for 2025
- Bitter Economics
- Breaking the Cybersecurity Kill Chain with AI
- Building a16z’s Personal AI Workstation with four NVIDIA RTX 6000 Pro Blackwell Max-Q GPUs
- Building an Efficient GPU Server with NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090s/5090s
- Connect/Enterprise: Building Products With Generative AI
- Digesting WWDC: Cloudy
- Doing Old Things Better Vs. Doing Brand New Things
- Emerging Architectures for LLM Applications
- Emerging Architectures for Modern Data Infrastructure
- Emerging Developer Patterns for the AI Era
- From Prompt to Product: The Rise of AI-Powered Web App Builders
- How Generative AI Is Remaking UI/UX Design
- I Built TetrisBench, Where LLMs Compete at Playing Tetris. Here’s What I Found.
- Intel CIO Describes What Big Companies Want from the Cloud
- Is There an Enterprise Margin Crisis?
- It’s time for agentic video editing
- It’s Not a Computer, It’s a Companion!
- Jennifer Li
- Keep the Code Behind AI Open
- Market Annealing: Getting to $10M ARR in Very Early Markets
- Matt Bornstein
- Most People Can’t Vibe Code. Here’s How We Fix That.
- Navigating the High Cost of AI Compute
- Next-Gen Pentesting: AI Empowers the Good Guys
- Search Wars: Episode 2
- Shapeways: Manufacturing in the Cloud
- State of AI: An Empirical 100 Trillion Token Study with OpenRouter
- State of Consumer AI 2025: Product Hits, Misses, and What’s Next
- Supporting the Open Source AI Community
- The Cinderella “Glass Slipper” Effect: Retention Rules in the AI Era
- The Cloud Killed Infrastructure, Long Live Infrastructure!
- The Cost of Cloud, a Trillion Dollar Paradox
- The Economic Case for Generative AI (presentation)
- The Economic Case for Generative AI and Foundation Models
- The End of Cloud Computing
- The Future of AI Is Amazing
- The Getting Started with AI Stack for JavaScript
- The Modern Transactional Stack
- The Next Generation of Cloud Security Startups
- The Rise of the Composable CDP
- The State of Generative Media 2026
- The Trillion Dollar AI Software Development Stack
- The World Through an API
- There is no God Tier video model: But there is something better
- Trends in — and the Future of — Infrastructure
- Welcome to LLMflation – LLM inference cost is going down fast ⬇️
- What You Need to Know About SB 1047: A Q&A with Anjney Midha
- Where We Go From Here
- Where you build is who you are: the ElevenLabs story
- Who Owns the Generative AI Platform?
- Why America Must Lead in AI Investment with Senator Todd Young
- Your Data Agents Need Context
Perennial
-
All Posts
Policy & Regulation
-
AI Policy
- A Policy Blueprint for US Investment in AI Talent and Infrastructure
- A Roadmap for Federal AI Legislation: Protect People, Empower Builders, Win the Future
- a16z’s Recommendations for the National AI Action Plan
- AI for Startups
- AI Model Facts: Transparency that Works for Little Tech
- NSF RFI: Fostering American AI Leadership Through Research and Innovation
- OSTP RFI: Accelerating the American Scientific Enterprise Through Innovation and Openness
- Preserving the Freedom to Learn in AI
- Regulate AI Use, Not AI Development
- Setting the Agenda for Global AI Leadership: Assessing the Roles of Congress and the States
- Speed-to-Power: An Energy Policy Agenda for a Thriving AI Market
- The Commerce Clause in the Age of AI: Guardrails and Opportunities for State Legislatures
- The Little Tech Agenda
- To Help AI Startups Compete, Use Revenue-based Thresholds
Special Reports
speedrun
Talent x Opportunity
-
All Posts
- Announcing the Talent x Opportunity 2024 Grantees
- Announcing TxO’s First Cohort
- Holiday Gift Guide 2023
- Introducing Talent x Opportunity Spring ‘24 Cohort
- Introducing the Talent x Opportunity Fund
- Introducing the Talent x Opportunity Grant Program
- Introducing the Talent x Opportunity Spring 2025 Cohort
- Meet the next Talent x Opportunity Founders
- Meet the Talent x Opportunity Fall ‘23 Cohort
- Meet the Talent x Opportunity Fall 2024 Cohort
- Welcoming the Talent x Opportunity Spring ‘23 Cohort
Translated
-
Portuguese
- 12 Pontos Sobre Product-Market Fit
- 16 Métricas de Startups
- A Empresa do Futuro já Nasce Global
- Contrate uma Liderança Executiva de Engenharia
- Mapa de Mercado do Panorama de Crédito no Brasil
- O Boom Fintech na América Latina
- O Surpreendente Cenário Favorável Para as Fintechs no Brasil
- Por Que o Software Está Engolindo o Mundo
- Softwares Transcendem Fronteiras—Por Que o Dinheiro Não?
- Tecnologia Financeira Gera Ganho de Escala Para Empresas Verticais de Saas
- Toda Empresa Será Uma Fintech
- Um Novo Diferencial Para Serviços Financeiros
-
Spanish
- 12 Cosas Acerca del Ajuste Producto-Mercado
- 16 Métricas de Inicio
- Contrata a un VP de Ingeniería
- El Boom Fintech en América Latina
- El Software Trasciende las Fronteras—¿Por Qué el Dinero no lo Hace?
- Fintech Escala SaaS Vertical
- La Empresa del Futuro es Global por Defecto
- La Tecnología Financiera B2B Promueve la Disrupción del Mercado en México
- La Tecnología Financiera Renueva su Enfoque en Colombia
- Liderando con Software al Construir un Negocio de Préstamos
- Plataformas vs. Verticales y el Próximo Gran Desagrupamiento
- Por Qué el Software Se Está Comiendo el Mundo
- Todas las Empresas Serán Empresas Fintech